什么是实用主义？
《世界名著全知道》（一百零五）
一、实用主义产生于美国，活动中心也一直在美国，这与美国资本主义的发展以及美国社会生活的特点密切相关。
1. Pragmatism originated in the United States, and its center of activity has always remained there. This is closely related to the development of American capitalism and the characteristics of American social life.
二、美国资本主义是在未遇到强大封建势力阻挡下较为顺利地发展起来，因而它的民主自由等政治体制也建立得最完善，资产阶级个人主义、利己主义表现得最为直接、露骨和突出。
2. American capitalism developed relatively smoothly without encountering strong resistance from feudal forces. Consequently, its political systems, such as democracy and freedom, were established most completely, and bourgeois individualism and egoism were expressed most directly, blatantly, and prominently.
三、美国是一个由以欧洲各国为主的世界各地的移民组成的国家，由这些移民带去的世界各地的传统文化融合而成的新文化又是对这些文化传统本身的否定，只有那些对开拓这片新大陆有用、获得成功的才能得到肯定，对主体活动的有效、无效被当作人们思想和行为的准则。
3. The United States is a nation composed of immigrants from around the world, primarily from Europe. The new culture formed by the fusion of the diverse traditional cultures these immigrants brought with them also represents a negation of those very cultural traditions. Only what proved useful and successful in pioneering this new continent was affirmed; the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of subjective activities became the criterion for people's thoughts and actions.
四、詹姆士的《实用主义》系统地阐述了实用主义的基本思想，构造了比较完整的实用主义理论体系，使实用主义真正走上了哲学舞台，成为现代哲学中具有重要影响的主要流派之一。
4. William James's "Pragmatism" systematically expounded the fundamental ideas of pragmatism and constructed a relatively complete theoretical system, truly bringing pragmatism onto the philosophical stage and establishing it as one of the major influential schools in modern philosophy.
五、实用主义的产生，深得上层资产阶级得赏识，曾被人民称为美国官方哲学。实用主义认为最重要的问题是：这个世界会变成什么样子？生命本身会变成什么样子？哲学的重心必须改变它的位置。
5. The emergence of pragmatism was highly appreciated by the upper bourgeoisie and was once called the official philosophy of the United States by the people. Pragmatism considers the most important questions to be: What will this world become? What will life itself become? The focus of philosophy must change its position.
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