契诃夫的短篇小说
《世界名著全知道》（八十九）
一、契诃夫短篇小说收集了包括《变色龙》、《套中人》、《第六病室》等在内的17篇短篇小说，以创作时间为序，全面展现了契诃夫不同时期的艺术成就。其中《变色龙》、《套中人》、《第六病室》最为出名。
1. The collection of Chekhov's short stories includes 17 works, such as "The Chameleon", "The Man in a Case", and "Ward No. 6", arranged in chronological order of their creation, comprehensively showcasing his artistic achievements across different periods. Among them, "The Chameleon", "The Man in a Case", and "Ward No. 6" are the most famous.
二、《变色龙》写于1884年，描写了警官奥楚蔑洛夫作为奴才的本性：欺压百姓、阿谀奉承。
2. "The Chameleon", written in 1884, depicts the inherent nature of Police Inspector Ochumelov as a lackey: oppressing the common people and being obsequious.
三、《套中人》写于1898年，契诃夫着重使用艺术夸张的手法，通过具有象征意义的“套子”，从外表、生活习惯、思想方式乃至婚事突出刻画了别里科夫这个在当时沙皇专制警察制度下胆小怕事的庸人的典型形象。
3. "The Man in a Case", written in 1898, employs artistic exaggeration, using the symbolic "case" to vividly portray Belikov's typical image—from his appearance, habits, and way of thinking to his marital affairs—as a timid and mediocre individual under the tsarist autocratic police system of the time.
四、契诃夫的小说分为三类：一是早期的幽默滑稽类，如《变色龙》；二是中期的民生疾苦类，如《万卡》；三是后期的抗议控诉类，如《第六病室》。
4. Chekhov's short stories can be divided into three categories: first, the early humorous and滑稽 type, such as "The Chameleon"; second, the mid-period type focusing on the sufferings of the people's livelihood, such as "Vanka"; and third, the later protest and accusation type, such as "Ward No. 6".
五、契诃夫在选材方面善于从日常生活中习见的人和事取材，通过一些平凡小事说明大道理。另外，浓郁的抒情风格也是契诃夫短篇小说的一大创造。
5. In terms of subject matter, Chekhov was adept at drawing from ordinary people and events in daily life, using mundane小事 to convey profound truths. Additionally, a strong lyrical style is also a major innovation of Chekhov's short stories.
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