高筑墙、广积粮
《明朝那些事儿》（九）
一、张士诚在高邮之战成功抵抗百万元军3个月之后，元军丧失了对农民军的优势，元政府转而主要依靠各地的地主武装对付起义军。而各地起义军利用元军的大失败，重新壮大自己，原已处于低潮的起义开始转入高潮。
1. After Zhang Shicheng successfully resisted a million-strong Yuan army for three months in the Battle of Gaoyou, the Yuan forces lost their advantage over the peasant rebels. The Yuan government then turned to relying mainly on local landlord militias to combat the uprising. Meanwhile, rebel forces across various regions capitalized on the Yuan army's major defeat to rebuild their strength, transforming the previously declining rebellion into a rising tide.
二、徐寿辉宣传明教几个月后，他在大别山区发动起义，一举攻克罗田。然后攻克黄州和浠水，并最终定都浠水县城。
2. After promoting the Ming Cult for several months, Xu Shouhui launched an uprising in the Dabie Mountains, swiftly capturing Luotian. He then seized Huangzhou and Xishui, ultimately establishing his capital in Xishui County.
三、他的国号叫“天完”，这位布贩子唯恐自己的国号不能压制元朝，就想到了在大元上面各加偏旁这么个馊主意，在字上面讨个便宜。这个国号让人总觉得是过几天就完蛋的意思。
3. His regime was named "Tianwan" (天完). This cloth peddler, fearing his regime's name wouldn't overpower the Yuan Dynasty, came up with the poor idea of adding radicals to the characters of "Dayuan" (大元), trying to gain an advantage through wordplay. This name gave people the impression that his regime would "be finished in a few days."
四、1357年，朱元璋攻下徽州（今安徽歙县），找来了当地名士朱允升（朱升，字允升）做谋士，“高筑墙、广积粮、缓称王”就是这人的点子。
4. In 1357, after capturing Huizhou (modern She County, Anhui), Zhu Yuanzhang enlisted local scholar Zhu Yunsheng (Zhu Sheng, courtesy name Yunsheng) as his advisor. It was he who proposed the strategy: "Build high walls, stockpile abundant grain, and delay claiming kingship."
五、陈友谅从来不去仔细研究作战计划，而是率意而为，打到哪儿算哪儿连他自己都不知道要攻击什么地方，敌人能知道吗？碰到这种不按常理出牌的人，谁能顶得住？朱元璋就吃了他的亏。
5. Chen Youliang never carefully studied battle plans but acted on impulse, fighting wherever circumstances took him. Even he himself didn't know where he would attack next—how could the enemy possibly know? Who could withstand someone who didn't play by conventional rules? Zhu Yuanzhang suffered losses because of this.
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